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Maher al-Assad

Position: Former Commander of the Syrian Army’s 4th Armored Division Association: The Syrian Arab Army Loyalty: Bashar al-Assad  Most Notorious Crimes: Directed some of the most brutal crackdowns on peaceful protests and civilian areas during the Syrian revolution, personally overseeing…

Ali Mamlouk

Position: Former Vice President for Security Affairs  Association: Assad Regime Loyalty: Bashar al-Assad Most Notorious Crimes: Oversaw the systematic repression of peaceful protests and widespread crimes against humanity in Syria, including mass arrests, torture, enforced disappearances, and extrajudicial killings (2011–2024).…